How to register for a UK EORI number

To move physical goods across UK borders, you must have an Economic Operator Registration and Identification (EORI) number. Without this unique ID, your shipments will be held at customs, and you could face significant delays, storage fees, and an inability to complete international sales. You can apply for free online via the GOV.UK website, and most numbers are issued almost instantly.

Why the EORI number is essential

Think of the EORI number as your business's passport for its products. Since the UK left the EU, any business (including side hustles and sole traders) sending physical items abroad needs this number for customs declarations. If you are selling digital services or downloads, you generally don't need one, but the moment you post a physical product—be it a piece of art, a printed photograph, or a handmade craft—it becomes a requirement.

Who needs to apply?

You need a UK EORI number starting with "GB" if you are:

• A business based in Great Britain (England, Scotland, or Wales) moving goods to or from any other country (including the EU).
• A business based in Northern Ireland moving goods to or from countries outside the EU.

If you trade with Northern Ireland, you may also need an EORI number starting with "XI". You must have a GB EORI number before you can apply for an XI one.

What you'll need before you start

The application is straightforward, but having these details ready will save you time:

1. Your Government Gateway ID: The same one you use for your tax returns. If you don't have one, you can create it during the application.
2. Your Unique Taxpayer Reference (UTR): Found on your tax letters from HMRC.
3. Business start date and SIC code: You can find your Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) code on the Companies House register or via the GOV.UK search tool if you are a sole trader.
4. VAT number and effective date: Only if your business is already VAT registered.
5. National Insurance Number: If you are applying as an individual or a sole trader.

How to complete the application

The process is entirely digital. Head to the "Get an EORI number" page on GOV.UK and follow the prompts. You will be asked about the nature of your business and where you intend to ship goods.

Once submitted, many applicants receive their EORI number via email immediately. However, if HMRC needs to perform manual checks, it can take up to five working days. Do not wait until the day you are posting a package to apply; do it as soon as you decide to sell internationally.

Pro Tip: Once you receive your number, share it with your courier or freight forwarder. They will need it to clear customs on your behalf, ensuring your customer receives their order without a hitch.

Key points to remember

Scenario	Requirement
Selling physical goods to the EU	GB EORI Number Required
Selling digital-only products	No EORI Number needed
Trading between NI and EU	No EORI Number needed

Applying for your EORI number is a one-time task that legitimises your international trade. It's a small but vital step in turning your creative passion into a global business.